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free substitution
Free substitution is a rule in some sports that allows players to enter and leave the game for other players many times during the course of the game; and for coaches to bring in and take out players an unlimited number of times.
==Sports that allow free substitution==
* Basketball. Basketball allows unlimited substitution of players at dead balls, such as full times-out, out-of-bounds turnovers and fouls. Players are allowed to go out and come in again many times, unless they are disqualified or ejected. Players are often substituted for, since it is almost physically impossible to play an entire basketball game (40 minutes in most competitions, 48 in the NBA). Substitutions are also made if a player is getting too many personal fouls and is in danger of disqualifying himself.
* Gridiron football. Players can be substituted for between every football play. Most college and pro football teams use 11 completely different players on offense and defense. Often, substitution is made depending on the play being run; for example, a team might bring in a fullback or tailback for a rushing play, or several wide receivers for a passing play. There are also major substitutions made for special teams plays such as punting or kicking a field goal. (Historically, this was not the case; gridiron-based codes originally had a one-platoon system in place that required all players to play all phases of the game. The one-platoon system was largely abolished in the 1940s but aspects of it remained in force in college football until the 1960s, at which time total free substitution was implemented.)
* Ice hockey. Players can be substituted for at any point in the game, even when the puck is in play. The only exception is that if a team ices the puck they may not make any changes until after the ensuing faceoff. Almost all professional hockey teams use up to four lines of forwards and three pairings of defensemen in rotation during any given game.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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